One of four yearly periods—winter, spring, summer, or fall—with distinct weather patterns.

The imaginary line through Earth’s North and South Poles, tilted at 23.5 degrees.

Earth’s 365-day orbit around the Sun, causing seasonal changes.

Earth’s 24-hour spin on its axis, creating day and night.

The longest (summer) or shortest (winter) day of the year; occurs in June/December.

When day/night are equal; marks spring (March) or fall (September) starts.

Short-term atmospheric conditions (e.g., rain, snow, sunshine).

Long-term weather patterns in a region (e.g., desert vs. tropical).

Seasonal winds bringing heavy rains (common in Asia).

A long period with little or no rain, causing water shortages.

A severe snowstorm with strong winds and low visibility.

The amount of water vapor in the air; affects how hot/cold it feels.

Any form of water falling from clouds (rain, snow, sleet, hail).

A boundary between warm and cold air masses, often causing storms.

A scientist who studies and predicts weather.

A tool that measures air pressure to forecast weather changes.

A device that measures temperature.

A tool to measure rainfall amounts.

An instrument showing wind direction (also called a weather vane).

Regions with similar climates (e.g., polar, temperate, tropical).

A period near the poles when the Sun doesn’t rise for weeks in winter.

Summer days near the poles when the Sun never sets.

A Pacific Ocean warming event that changes global weather patterns.

A Pacific Ocean cooling event with opposite effects of El Niño.