Essential Computing Concepts
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Essential Computing Concepts

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Key computer science concepts include data structures (databases, cache), networking (bandwidth, routers, packets, IoT), security (encryption, firewalls), and computational methods (algorithms, machine learning, quantum computing). Essential software components are also covered: operating systems, programming languages (JavaScript), and user interfaces (GUI).

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Algorithm

A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing a task.

Bandwidth

The maximum rate of data transfer across a given path.

Bit

The smallest unit of data in computing, representing a binary value of 0 or 1.

Cache

A high-speed storage layer that stores frequently accessed data for quick retrieval.

Cloud Computing

The practice of using remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data.

Database

An organized collection of data, generally stored and accessed electronically.

Encryption

The process of converting data into a coded format to prevent unauthorized access.

Firewall

A security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.

Graphical User Interface GUI

A visual way of interacting with a computer using items such as windows, icons, and menus.

HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol

The protocol used for transmitting web pages over the internet.

Internet of Things IoT

A network of physical devices that communicate and exchange data over the internet.

JavaScript

A programming language used to create interactive effects on websites.

Kernel

The core part of an operating system that manages system resources and communication between hardware and software.

Latency

The delay before data transfer begins following an instruction for its transfer.

Machine Learning

A branch of artificial intelligence that enables computers to learn from and make predictions based on data.

Network

A group of interconnected computers that can share resources and information.

Operating System OS

System software that manages hardware and software resources on a computer.

Packet

A unit of data transmitted over a network.

Quantum Computing

An advanced computing method using quantum-mechanical phenomena like superposition and entanglement.

Router

A device that forwards data packets between computer networks.

Software

A set of instructions that tell a computer how to perform specific tasks.

Terabyte

A unit of digital data storage equal to approximately one trillion bytes.

URL Uniform Resource Locator

The address of a web page on the internet.

Virtual Reality VR

A simulated experience that can be similar to or completely different from the real world.

Wi-Fi

A technology that allows electronic devices to connect to a wireless network.

XML Extensible Markup Language

A markup language designed to store and transport data.

Zip File

A compressed file format that reduces file size for storage and transmission.