Philippine Revolution: The Cry's Location
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The "Cry of Pugad Lawin" or "Cry of Balintawak," marking the start of the Philippine Revolution in 1896, is debated among historians regarding its exact date and location, with Teodoro Agoncillo's account emphasizing Pugad Lawin and the role of ordinary Filipinos, despite inconsistencies and counterarguments.
Symbolic start of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule in 1896; exact time and place are debated
Philippine revolutionary society founded by Andres Bonifacio
Spanish colonial residence certificates; tearing them symbolized rejection of Spanish rule
Prominent nationalist historian who argued the Cry of Balintawak happened in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896
Key member of the Katipunan and leader of the Philippine Revolution
Period in the Philippines under President Ferdinand Marcos (1972-1981), characterized by authoritarian rule and human rights abuses
Document that placed the Philippines under Martial Law in 1972
President of the Philippines who declared Martial Law in 1972
Philippine communist political party
Armed wing of the CPP
1971 bombing incident used by Marcos to justify Martial Law
Philippine Constitution that allowed the president to declare Martial Law in case of invasion, insurrection, or rebellion
Human rights organization that documented abuses during Martial Law
Board that validated victims of Martial Law abuses
Historian who wrote about the suppression of dissent during Martial Law
Author of Marcos Martial Law: Never Again